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This lowers the size of the average transaction in these nodes' perspective, thus increasing the block size without incurring the tricky fork signaled by other proposals for block size increases. Consequently, per computer scientist Jochen Hoenicke, the actual block capability depends on the ratio of SegWit transactions in the block, and on the ratio of signature data.

According to Hoenicke, if native SegWit addresses from Bitcoin Core version 0.16.0 are used, and SegWit adoption reaches 90% to 95%, a block size of up to 1.8 megabytes is possible.citation needed.

Satoshi Nakamoto said in his white paper that:"The root problem with conventional currencies is all the trust thats needed to make it operate. The central bank must be trusted not to debase the currency, but the background of fiat currencies is filled with breaches of that trust. "123

According to the European Central Bank, the decentralization of money offered by bitcoin has its theoretical roots in the Austrian school of economics, especially with Friedrich von Hayek in his publication Denationalisation of Money: The Argument Refined,124 in which he advocates a complete free market in the production, distribution and management of money to end the monopoly of central banks.125:22.

According to The New York Times, both libertarians and anarchists were attracted to the idea. Early bitcoin supporter Roger Ver said:"Initially, nearly everyone who got involved did so for philosophical reasons. We watched bitcoin as a fantastic idea, as a way to separate money from your state. "123 The Economist describes bitcoin as"a techno-anarchist project to create an online version of money, a means for people to transact with no possibility of interference from malicious governments or banks".126.

Nigel Dodd argues in The Social Life of Bitcoin that the essence of the bitcoin ideology is to remove money from societal, as well as governmental, control.128 Dodd estimates a YouTube video, together with Roger Ver, Jeff Berwick, next page Charlie Shrem, Andreas Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Trace Meyer and other proponents of bitcoin reading The Declaration of Bitcoin's Independence.

Bitcoin undermines governments and disrupts institutions because bitcoin is fundamentally humanitarian. "128127.

David Golumbia states the notions influencing bitcoin advocates emerge from right-wing extremist movements like the Liberty Lobby and the John Birch Society and their anti-Central Bank rhetoric, or, more recently, Ron Paul and Tea Party-style libertarianism.129 Steve Bannon, who owns a"good bet" in bitcoin, considers it to be"disruptive populism.

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It's revolutionary. "130.

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But, researchers looking to uncover the reasons for interest in bitcoin did not find evidence in Google search data that this has been linked to libertarianism.131

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Bitcoin is an electronic asset designed to work in peer-to-peer transactions as a currency.5132 Bitcoins have more three qualities useful in a currency, according to The Economist in January 2015: they are"hard to earn, limited in supply and easy to verify".133 But as of 2015update bitcoin functions more as a payment processor than as a currency.13431.

Economists define money as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account.135 According to The Economist in 2014, bitcoin functions best as a medium of exchange.135 But this can be debated,136 and a 2018 assessment by The Economist found that cryptocurrencies met none of those three standards.126.

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According to study from Cambridge University, between 2.9 million and 5.8 million unique users utilized a cryptocurrency wallet in 2017, the majority of them for bitcoin. The number of consumers has grown significantly since 2013, when there were 300,000 to 1.3 million consumers.12

The overwhelming bulk of bitcoin transactions take place on a cryptocurrency exchange, rather than being used in transactions with merchants.137 Delays processing payments through the blockchain of approximately ten minutes make bitcoin use very hard in a retail setting. Prices are not typically quoted in units of bitcoin and many trades involve one, or occasionally two, conversions into conventional currencies.31 Merchants that do accept bitcoin payments may employ payment service providers to perform the conversions.138.

In 2017 and 2018 bitcoin's acceptance among leading online retailers included only three of the top 500 U.S. online merchants, down from five in 2016.137 Reasons for this decline include high transaction fees due to bitcoin's scalability issues and long transaction times.139

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Bloomberg reported that the biggest 17 crypto merchant-processing providers handled $69 million in June 2018down from $411 million in September 2017. Bitcoin is"not check my reference really usable" for retail transactions because of high costs and the inability to process chargebacks, according to Nicholas Weaver, a researcher quoted by Bloomberg. High price volatility and transaction fees make paying for small retail purchases using bitcoin impractical, according to economist Kim Grauer.